Background
Launched in 1948 as the British farmer’s runabout, a go-anywhere vehicle that could pull a plough, power a sawmill, winch itself out of a muddy bog, take animals to market and the farmer’s family to church on Sunday, the Land-Rover was born of necessity. The Rover company needed a volume vehicle to supplement its quality, executive cars which were hard to sell in the aftermath of the Second World War – and it needed to generate export sales to meet the stringent government criteria for a steel allocation. Steel was in such short supply after the war that the government controlled its distribution, allowing it only to go to factories that would bring in overseas sales to help reduce the crippling national debt.
Consequently, the Land-Rover had a very unusual structure: its box-section chassis was made up of four steel plates cut to shape and seam welded together along their edges. The bodywork was largely aluminium, except for the front bulkhead up to windscreen level, which extended to each side to carry the door hinges. The fold-down rear tailgate was hinged directly from a substantial folded chassis crossmember extending the full width of the body.
The running gear was modelled on the wartime Willys Jeep, offering selectable two/four-wheel drive and high/low ratios, so it had eight forward and two reverse gears. Power take-offs could be provided to both front and rear to drive machinery. The petrol engine was a 1.6-litre four-cylinder, with overhead inlet valves and side exhausts – a primitive-sounding layout that actually had distinct advantages, not least being crossflow so that the fuelling and exhaust were on opposite sides.
Demand exceeded supply from the start, Land-Rover production soon outstripping Rover car production – and a policy of constant detail improvement saw to it that the Land-Rover went largely unchallenged in its market for decades.
The only significant criticisms of the early vehicles were of being a little too compact, and lacking in power. Rover soon tackled both, the engine growing to 1997cc for 1952 and the chassis wheelbase from 80in to 86in (with increased rear overhang too) in 1954. That year the dashboard was also reshaped with larger dials and in 1955, a redesigned version of the engine – with the same dimensions but shared with the new P4 Rover saloon and much easier to find parts for today – was fitted.







