Background
Volvo were already known for durable, dependable cars by 1956 when the 121 saloon arrived on the market. It was soon known by everybody as the Amazon, though they were only badged as such in Sweden. The new models added a touch of style that aged more slowly than the old PV 444 and 544 models, and in four-door, two-door and estate or ‘Combi’ form it went on to sell an astonishing 657,000 units, remaining in production until the eve of the 1970s.
The first Amazons had 1.6-litre engines with only 60bhp, and while that was fine for 1950s opposition it was starting to feel sluggish by the 1960s, so a 1.8-litre engine arrived in ’61. Before that in 1958 Volvo introduced the 122S, which sported twin carbs and 85bhp. With the arrival of the bigger engine, the twin carbs stayed and the 122S’s output went up to 90bhp.
Even this wasn’t enough for many of those who discovered the Amazon’s suitability for rallying. These cars have surprisingly nice steering, light and accurate, and with front disc brakes from 1964, they stop very well too. Lively factory-spec performance could easily be tuned up into something bolder, which is where outfits like Ruddspeed came in.
Ken Rudd was known firstly as a racing driver and then as a tuner of extremely high repute, working on ACs and Austin-Healeys. He was also a Volvo agent and when he turned his hand to making Amazons go better, he found a lot of interest – not least from West Sussex Police, who ordered several.
Customers could choose from a menu of options so it’s often difficult to be definitive – especially 55 or 60 years later – about what was a Ruddspeed mod and what wasn’t, but typical changes included a better camshaft with increased lift and overlap, stronger valve springs, different carb needles and a raised compression ratio.
Externally, all you’d see was a tubular four-branch exhaust manifold, though keen Amazon spotters might detect cut-down springs to reduce the ride height by an inch and a half. Koni dampers would typically complete the package. Without original sales receipts from Rudd, it’s hard to prove whether any Ruddspeed car is one of the 200-odd he converted, but a little Ruddspeed plate on the engine block with a number stamped on it is a good start.
Just like the one fitted to this car, actually…







