Background
If you were asked to ponder the lineage of today’s capable off-roaders, the chances are that you’d trace their WWII origin stories from the American Willys Jeep, the German Kübelwagen and the Japanese Kurogane, through to post-war icons such as the British Land Rover and Austin Champ, various Soviet-era offerings from the UAZ factory and, of course, Japan’s all-conquering Land Cruiser.
And that’s if you know your off-roader history and you’ve done a bit of research.
But how many people would factor Italy and Alfa Romeo into the mix?
We didn’t, that’s for sure.
Here’s the story.
At the end of WWII, most theatres of war, including Italy, were littered with abandoned, commandeered or broken Willys Jeeps.
The Italian Ministry of Defence realised the utility and value of such a vehicle and determined that they should produce a home-grown version.
The brief was put out to tender and both Alfa Romeo and Fiat got to work on their respective answers to it.
As it turned out, Fiat’s simpler and less expensive Campagnola machine became the Military’s preferred choice, but not before Alfa Romeo had built 2,050 of their AR vehicles.
The AR stood not for Alfa Romeo but for ‘Autovettura da Ricognizione’, or ‘Reconnaissance Car’.
2000 were designated AR51 (1951 being the year they were first manufactured) and were for military use. The other 50 were designated AR52 and were for civilian use.
The AR earned its ‘Matta’ nickname – meaning ‘mad’ – from Alfa’s then boss Antonio Alessio, who uttered the word several times when he first witnessed the car’s eagerness and aptitude for tackling preposterous obstacles and crossing seemingly uncrossable terrain.
The AR’s separate ladder chassis and clever suspension gave it real off-road ability and the adoption of a detuned version of Alfa’s 1900 twin-cam 4-cylinder engine endowed it with the power, torque and flexibility for which the unit was rightly lauded in the firm’s road cars.
The compression ratio was lowered so it could use lower-grade fuel, and it was fitted with a dry sump to avoid oil starvation as it traversed the unfeasible inclines it was designed to conquer.
It also featured a locking differential, an innovation that wouldn’t appear on a Land Rover for many years, and had independent front suspension with longitudinal torsion bar springs and rotating dampers.
In terms of technical sophistication and off-road capability, the AR51 was years ahead of its time.
Somewhat surprisingly, one of these Alfa Romeo vehicles won the 1952 Mille Miglia, albeit in the ‘Military Vehicles’ category.
No doubt much to Antonio Alessio’s satisfaction, it finished 42 minutes ahead of a Fiat Campagnola.








